第十九章

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陈牧：寡人欲以夏侯恒为颖川太守，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，夫治一国者，宜以一国为心，必若姻亲然后可用，则华夏九州，安得十女婿然后为政哉！且陟姻亲，旧制不得相监；夏侯恒之微劳，宜见酬报。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：IwouldliketoappointXiaHouhengasthemayorofYingchuan，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis，Kingsshouldgoverntheircountrywithjusticeandfairness，Youshouldthinkinthenationalinterest，Ifyouonlyappointyourson-in-law，Thecountrywillnotbewellgoverned，Inthepast，iftherewasamarriagerelationship，thenpoliticsneededtoavoidsuspicion，Besides，XiahouHenghasfewmerits，Youshouldpayhiminsteadoftheposition。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人为君，何如？请先生直言。萧凡：臣以为，大王聪明神武，天姿英睿，志存泛爱，引纳多途，然好善而不甚择人，疾恶而未能远佞。又出言无隐，疾恶太深，闻人之善或未全信，闻人之恶以为必然。虽有独见之明，犹恐理或未尽。何则？君子扬人之善，小人讦人之恶，闻恶必信，则小人之道长矣，闻善或疑，则君子之道消矣。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。chenmu：HowwellamIdoingasaking，Sir，pleasetellmethefacts。xiaofan：Ithink，Youareawise，courageous，benevolent，andinclusiveKing，Youvaluetalent，butyoucan'tdiscern，Youhatebadpeople，buttherearemanyvillainsaroundyou，Moreover，youspeakwithoutcarefulconsideration，Andyouaretooarbitrary，Someonedoesgood，butyoudon'tnecessarilybelieveinhim，Ifsomeonedoessomethingbad，youthinkitis，Youarewise，butyoudon'tseethewholepicture，Why？Agentlemanpreachesthemeritsofothers，Thevillainattackstheshortcomingsofothers，Ifyouareconvincedthatsomeoneelseisdoingbadthings，Thentherewillbemoreandmorevillains，Ifyoudoubtthatsomeoneelseisdoinggood，Thenthegentlemanwillleaveyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲安定徐州，征引贤士，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，孔衍、刘贺，此土之望，大王当谦以待之，以结其心，二子既至，则无不来矣。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。chenmu：IwanttorecruittalenttostabilizeXuzhou，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit？xiaofan：Ithink，KongYanandLiuHearefamouslocaltalents，Youshouldreceivethemwithhighcourtesyinordertogettheirhearts，Onlythenwillyoubeabletogetmorelocaltalent，Becauseofthis，Xuzhouwillalsobestable。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今国用不足，寡人欲卖官鬻爵，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，金银得官者，桓灵之举也，大王设官爵，当网罗天下英豪，与之共成王业，何有以官买金邪？非明主所为也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，thestatebudgetisindeficit，Iwanttomakemoneybysellingmypositions，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis，Onlythekingofthedeadcountrywillmakemoneybysellinghisposition，TheHolyKingsetsupofficials，Youshoulduseittorecruitgreattalent，Then，youbuildmeritwiththem，Whysellpositionstomakemoney，That'snotwhataholykingshoulddo。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人欲追尧舜之道，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，道德之厚，莫尚于轩、唐，仁义之隆，莫彰于舜、禹。欲继轩、唐之风，将追舜、禹之迹，必镇之以道德，弘之以仁义，举善而任之，择善而从之。不择善任能，而委之俗吏，既无远度，必失大体。惟奉三尺之律，以绳四海之人，欲求垂拱无为，不可得也。故圣哲君临，移风易俗，不资严刑峻法，在仁义而已。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：IwanttolearnfromtheHolyKing，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit？xiaofan：Ithink，Intermsofmorality，noonecancomparetoXuanTang，Intermsofbenevolenceandrighteousness，noonecancomparetoShunyu，Ifyouaregoingtoemulatethem，Thenyouhavetopromotemorality，andupholdrighteousness，Youshouldselectpeopleandappointthem，Andyouneedtolistentotheirrightopinions，Ifnot，youwillnotreachtherealmoftheHolyKing，Ifyourelyontheruleoflawalone，youwillnotbeabletogovernthecountrywell，Therefore，theHolyKinggovernsthecountrybypromotingpositiveenergy，Theyrelyonmorality，notharshlaws。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，人君之治莫大于道德教化，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，非仁无以广施，非义无以正身。惠下以仁，正身以义，则其政不严而理，其教不肃而成矣。然则仁义，理之本也；刑罚，理之末也。仁义积，则致太平；刑罚积，则致危亡。是以圣帝明王，皆敦德化而薄威刑也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Itisthemostimportantthingforthekingtopromotemoralityandeducation，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifyouarenotmerciful，youcannotfavortheworld，Ifyouarerighteousness，youcannotregulateyourself，Ifyoucandoboth，thenthecountrywillbewellgoverned，Politicsandeducationarenotharsh，buttheybothdevelopwell，Benevolenceandrighteousnessarefundamentaltogovernance，Penalpunishmentisthelowestlevelofgovernance，Ifyoupromotebenevolenceandrighteousness，thenthenationwillbeharmonious，Ifyouintroducepenalties，thenthecountrywillbeincrisis，Therefore，theHolyKingvaluedmoralityandeducationoverpunishment。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今鱼蟹不供，寡人欲观渔于北海，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，观大王所为，臣实痛心疾首。今齐民归晋之志未专，思齐之心犹甚；楚国咫尺，刺客纵横，帝王轻出，一夫敌耳。愿大王以社稷为念，改往修来，则天下幸甚！万民幸甚！陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，thecourtlacksfishandcrabs，IwanttogofishingintheNorthSea，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis，Ideeplyregretyourbehavior，AlthoughweoccupiedtheStateofQi，However，theyhavenotfullyidentifiedwithusyet，Theystillmisstheircountry，Moreover，theStateofChuwassnoopingonthesidelines，Theyhavesentalotofassassinsandspies，Itisnotsafeforyoutogooutandplayrashly，Iwantyoutoputyourcountryfirst，Thenitwillbetheluckoftheworldandpeople。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人闻，得民心者，得天下，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为然也，国不务大，而务得民心；佐不务多，而务得贤俊。得民心者民往之，有贤佐者士归之。文王请除炮烙之刑，而殷民从，汤去张网者之三面，而夏民从；汉王约法三章而秦人服；以其所为之顺于民心也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Ifyouobeythewillofthepeople，thenyoucanconquertheworld，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithinksotoo，CountriesarenotbigorsMall，Itspriorityistogainthesupportofthepeople，Thekeytoassistingministersisnotquantitybutquality，Onlybywinningtheheartsandmindsofthepeoplecanyougainthesupportofthepeople，Ifyouhaveagoodauxiliaryminister，othertalentswillfollowyou，KingWenrepealedthedraconianlaws，ThepeopleofYinKingdomarewillingtofollowhim，TheShangandHankingsdidthesame，Therefore，youmustwintheheartsandmindsofthepeople。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。